RESEARCH ARTICLE


Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Ischemic Tissue Metabolism



Jerry S Cheung1, Xiaoying Wang2, Phillip Zhe Sun*, 1
1 Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
2 Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA


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Creative Commons License
© Cheung et al; Licensee Bentham Open

open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, MGH and Harvard Medical School, Rm 2301, 149 13th street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Tel: 617-726-4060; Fax: 617-726-7422; E-mail: pzhesun@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu


Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) are versatile diagnostic techniques capable of characterizing the complex stroke pathophysiology, and hold great promise for guiding stroke treatment. Particularly, tissue viability and salvageability are closely associated with its metabolic status. Upon ischemia, ischemic tissue metabolism is disrupted including altered metabolism of glucose and oxygen, elevated lactate production/accumulation, tissue acidification and eventually, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion and energy failure. Whereas metabolism impairment during ischemic stroke is complex, it may be monitored non-invasively with magnetic resonance (MR)-based techniques. Our current article provides a concise overview of stroke pathology, conventional and emerging imaging and spectroscopy techniques, and data analysis tools for characterizing ischemic tissue damage.

Keywords: MRI, MRS, cerebral ischemia, stroke, metabolism.